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Genomic imprinting and the social brain

Anthony R Isles

Anthony R Isles

Laboratory of Cognitive and Behavioural Neuroscience, The Babraham InstituteBabraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, UK

Developmental Psychiatry Section, University of CambridgeDouglas House, 18a Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 4AH, UK

[email protected]

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William Davies

Laboratory of Cognitive and Behavioural Neuroscience, The Babraham InstituteBabraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, UK

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Lawrence S Wilkinson

Lawrence S Wilkinson

Laboratory of Cognitive and Behavioural Neuroscience, The Babraham InstituteBabraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, UK

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Anthony R Isles

Anthony R Isles

Laboratory of Cognitive and Behavioural Neuroscience, The Babraham InstituteBabraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, UK

Developmental Psychiatry Section, University of CambridgeDouglas House, 18a Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 4AH, UK

[email protected]

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,

William Davies

Laboratory of Cognitive and Behavioural Neuroscience, The Babraham InstituteBabraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, UK

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and

Lawrence S Wilkinson

Lawrence S Wilkinson

Laboratory of Cognitive and Behavioural Neuroscience, The Babraham InstituteBabraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, UK

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Published:03 November 2006https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1942

Abstract

Genomic imprinting refers to the parent-of-origin-specific epigenetic marking of a number of genes. This epigenetic mark leads to a bias in expression between maternally and paternally inherited imprinted genes, that in some cases results in monoallelic expression from one parental allele. Genomic imprinting is often thought to have evolved as a consequence of the intragenomic conflict between the parental alleles that occurs whenever there is an asymmetry of relatedness. The two main examples of asymmetry of relatedness are when there is partiality of parental investment in offspring (as is the case for placental mammals, where there is also the possibility of extended postnatal care by one parent), and in social groups where there is a sex-biased dispersal. From this evolutionary starting point, it is predicted that, at the behavioural level, imprinted genes will influence what can broadly be termed bonding and social behaviour. We examine the animal and human literature for examples of imprinted genes mediating these behaviours, and divide them into two general classes. Firstly, mother–offspring interactions (suckling, attachment and maternal behaviours) that are predicted to occur when partiality in parental investment in early postnatal offspring occurs; and secondly, adult social interactions, when there is an asymmetry of relatedness in social groups. Finally, we return to the evolutionary theory and examine whether there is a pattern of behavioural functions mediated by imprinted genes emerging from the limited data, and also whether any tangible predictions can be made with regards to the direction of action of genes of maternal or paternal origin.

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This Issue

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences cover image

29 December 2006

Volume 361Issue 1476

Theme Issue ‘The neurobiology of social recognition, attraction and bonding’ compiled by Keith M. Kendrick

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DOI:https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1942
PubMed:17118935
Published by:Royal Society
Print ISSN:0962-8436
Online ISSN:1471-2970

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Published online03/11/2006
Published in print29/12/2006

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© 2006 The Royal Society

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