taxonomy and systematics

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Research articles

A new Palaeocene crocodylian from southern Argentina sheds light on the early history of caimanines
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Volume 285, Issue 1885

Published:22 August 2018 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0843
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Caimanines are crocodylians currently restricted to South and Central America and the oldest members are from lower Palaeocene localities of the Salamanca Formation (Chubut Province, Argentina). We report here a new caimanine from this same unit ...
Research articles

To adapt or go extinct? The fate of megafaunal palm fruits under past global change
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Volume 285, Issue 1880

Published:13 June 2018 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0882
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Past global change may have forced animal-dispersed plants with megafaunal fruits to adapt or go extinct, but these processes have remained unexplored at broad spatio-temporal scales. Here, we combine phylogenetic, distributional and fruit size data for ...
Research articles

Origin and macroevolution of micro-moths on sunken Hawaiian Islands
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Volume 285, Issue 1885

Published:29 August 2018 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1047
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The origins and evolution of Hawaiian biodiversity are a matter of controversy, and the mechanisms of lineage diversification for many organisms on this remote archipelago remain unclear. Here we focus on the poorly known endemic leaf-mining moth genus ...
Research articles

Tetraconatan phylogeny with special focus on Malacostraca and Branchiopoda: highlighting the strength of taxon-specific matrices in phylogenomics
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Volume 285, Issue 1885

Published:22 August 2018 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1524
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Understanding the evolution of Tetraconata or Pancrustacea—the clade that includes crustaceans and insects—requires a well-resolved hypothesis regarding the relationships within and among its constituent taxa. Here, we assembled a taxon-rich phylogenomic ...
Research articles

The evolution of biramous appendages revealed by a carapace-bearing Cambrian arthropod
- Dongjing Fu
- David A. Legg
- Allison C. Daley
- Graham E. Budd
- Yu Wu
- Xingliang Zhang
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Volume 377, Issue 1847

Published:07 February 2022 https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0034
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Biramous appendages are a common feature among modern marine arthropods that evolved deep in arthropod phylogeny. The branched appendage of Cambrian arthropods has long been considered as the ancient biramous limb, sparking numerous investigations on its ...
Research articles

A new mammal from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Biota and implications for eutherian evolution
- Hai-Bing Wang
- Simone Hoffmann
- Dian-Can Wang
- Yuan-Qing Wang
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Volume 377, Issue 1847

Published:07 February 2022 https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0042
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Here we report on a new Early Cretaceous eutherian represented by a partial skeleton from the Jiufotang Formation at Sihedang site, Lingyuan City, Liaoning Province that fills a crucial gap between the earliest eutherians from the Yixian Formation and ...
Research articles

An intermediate crocodylian linking two extant gharials from the Bronze Age of China and its human-induced extinction
- Masaya Iijima
- Yu Qiao
- Wenbin Lin
- Youjie Peng
- Minoru Yoneda
- Jun Liu
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Volume 289, Issue 1970

Published:09 March 2022 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2022.0085
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A solid phylogenetic framework is the basis of biological studies, yet higher level relationships are still unresolved in some major vertebrate lineages. One such group is Crocodylia, where the branching pattern of three major families (Alligatoridae, ...
Science, society and policy

Digging deeper into colonial palaeontological practices in modern day Mexico and Brazil
Royal Society Open Science Volume 9, Issue 3

Published:02 March 2022 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210898
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Scientific practices stemming from colonialism, whereby middle- and low-income countries supply data for high-income countries and the contributions of local expertise are devalued, are still prevalent today in the field of palaeontology. In response to ...
Research articles

A diversification relay race from Caribbean-Mesoamerica to the Andes: historical biogeography of Xylophanes hawkmoths
- Xuankun Li
- Chris A. Hamilton
- Ryan St Laurent
- Liliana Ballesteros-Mejia
- Amanda Markee
- Jean Haxaire
- Rodolphe Rougerie
- Ian J. Kitching
- Akito Y. Kawahara
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Volume 289, Issue 1968

Published:09 February 2022 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.2435
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The regions of the Andes and Caribbean-Mesoamerica are both hypothesized to be the cradle for many Neotropical lineages, but few studies have fully investigated the dynamics and interactions between Neotropical bioregions. The New World hawkmoth genus ...
Research articles

The impact of molecular data on the phylogenetic position of the putative oldest crown crocodilian and the age of the clade
- Gustavo Darlim
- Michael S. Y. Lee
- Jules Walter
- Márton Rabi
Biology Letters Volume 18, Issue 2

Published:09 February 2022 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2021.0603
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The use of molecular data for living groups is vital for interpreting fossils, especially when morphology-only analyses retrieve problematic phylogenies for living forms. These topological discrepancies impact on the inferred phylogenetic position of many ...
Research articles

Hidden diversity of double-stranded DNA phages in symbiotic Rhizobium species
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Volume 377, Issue 1842

Published:29 November 2021 https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0468
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In this study, we addressed the extent of diversification of phages associated with nitrogen-fixing symbiotic Rhizobium species. Despite the ecological and economic importance of the Rhizobium genus, little is known about the diversity of the associated ...
Research articles

Morphological characters in light of new molecular phylogenies: the caudal-fin skeleton of Ovalentaria
- Philipp Thieme
- Nalani K. Schnell
- Kerryn Parkinson
- Timo Moritz
Royal Society Open Science Volume 9, Issue 1

Published:12 January 2022 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.211605
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The Ovalentaria is a taxon of teleosts that has been proposed based on molecular analyses only. Previously widely separated families are assembled in this taxon. For the first time, the Ovalentaria are analysed using a comparative morphological approach. ...
Research articles

Genetic data from the extinct giant rat from Tenerife (Canary Islands) points to a recent divergence from mainland relatives
- Pere Renom
- Toni de-Dios
- Sergi Civit
- Laia Llovera
- Alejandro Sánchez-Gracia
- Esther Lizano
- Juan Carlos Rando
- Tomàs Marquès-Bonet
- Gael J. Kergoat
- Isaac Casanovas-Vilar
- Carles Lalueza-Fox
Biology Letters Volume 17, Issue 12

Published:22 December 2021 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2021.0533
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Evolution of vertebrate endemics in oceanic islands follows a predictable pattern, known as the island rule, according to which gigantism arises in originally small-sized species and dwarfism in large ones. Species of extinct insular giant rodents are ...
Research articles

A new goniopholidid from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, USA: novel insight into aquatic adaptation toward modern crocodylians
- Junki Yoshida
- Atsushi Hori
- Yoshitsugu Kobayashi
- Michael J. Ryan
- Yuji Takakuwa
- Yoshikazu Hasegawa
Royal Society Open Science Volume 8, Issue 12

Published:08 December 2021 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210320
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Goniopholididae is a group of basal neosuchian crocodyliforms closely related to Paralligatoridae and Eusuchia that lived during the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. Goniopholidids have the long, flat snout and secondary palate of modern crocodylians, the ...
Research articles

Bizarre morphology in extinct Eocene bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
Royal Society Open Science Volume 8, Issue 12

Published:08 December 2021 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.211466
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Newly discovered fossil bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) from the Eocene of Messel (Germany) and Green River (North America) exhibit an exaggerated morphology including prominent spiny humeral and anterolateral angles of the pronotum ...
Research articles

Macroevolutionary pattern of Saussurea (Asteraceae) provides insights into the drivers of radiating diversification
- Xu Zhang
- Jacob B. Landis
- Yanxia Sun
- Huajie Zhang
- Nan Lin
- Tianhui Kuang
- Xianhan Huang
- Tao Deng
- Hengchang Wang
- Hang Sun
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Volume 288, Issue 1962

Published:03 November 2021 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.1575
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Evolutionary radiations have intrigued biologists for more than a century, yet our understanding of the drivers of radiating diversification is still limited. We investigate the roles of environmental and species-intrinsic factors in driving the rapid ...
Research articles

Diverse stem-chondrichthyan oral structures and evidence for an independently acquired acanthodid dentition
- Richard P. Dearden
- Sam Giles
Royal Society Open Science Volume 8, Issue 11

Published:10 November 2021 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210822
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The teeth of sharks famously form a series of transversely organized files with a conveyor-belt replacement that are borne directly on the jaw cartilages, in contrast to the dermal plate-borne dentition of bony fishes that undergoes site-specific ...
Research articles

New multipodomerous appendages of stem-group euarthropods from the Cambrian (Stage 4) Guanshan Konservat-Lagerstätte
- De-guang Jiao
- Stephen Pates
- Rudy Lerosey-Aubril
- Javier Ortega-Hernández
- Jie Yang
- Tian Lan
- Xi-guang Zhang
Royal Society Open Science Volume 8, Issue 11

Published:10 November 2021 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.211134
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Stem-group euarthropods are important for understanding the early evolutionary and ecological history of the most species-rich animal phylum on Earth. Of particular interest are fossil taxa that occupy a phylogenetic position immediately crownwards of ...
Research articles

Speciation in the deep: genomics and morphology reveal a new species of beaked whale Mesoplodon eueu
- Emma L. Carroll
- Michael R. McGowen
- Morgan L. McCarthy
- Felix G. Marx
- Natacha Aguilar
- Merel L. Dalebout
- Sascha Dreyer
- Oscar E. Gaggiotti
- Sabine S. Hansen
- Anton van Helden
- Aubrie B. Onoufriou
- Robin W. Baird
- C. Scott Baker
- Simon Berrow
- Danielle Cholewiak
- Diane Claridge
- Rochelle Constantine
- Nicholas J. Davison
- Catarina Eira
- R. Ewan Fordyce
- John Gatesy
- G. J. Greg Hofmeyr
- Vidal Martín
- James G. Mead
- Antonio A. Mignucci-Giannoni
- Phillip A. Morin
- Cristel Reyes
- Emer Rogan
- Massimiliano Rosso
- Mónica A. Silva
- Mark S. Springer
- Debbie Steel
- Morten Tange Olsen
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Volume 288, Issue 1961

Published:27 October 2021 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.1213
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The deep sea has been described as the last major ecological frontier, as much of its biodiversity is yet to be discovered and described. Beaked whales (ziphiids) are among the most visible inhabitants of the deep sea, due to their large size and ...
Research articles

A tardigrade in Dominican amber
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Volume 288, Issue 1960

Published:06 October 2021 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.1760
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Tardigrades are a diverse group of charismatic microscopic invertebrates that are best known for their ability to survive extreme conditions. Despite their long evolutionary history and global distribution in both aquatic and terrestrial environments, the ...

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