ecology

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Research articles

Nutrient pollution disrupts key ecosystem functions on coral reefs
- Nyssa J. Silbiger
- Craig E. Nelson
- Kristina Remple
- Jessica K. Sevilla
- Zachary A. Quinlan
- Hollie M. Putnam
- Michael D. Fox
- Megan J. Donahue
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Volume 285, Issue 1880

Published:06 June 2018 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2718
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There is a long history of examining the impacts of nutrient pollution and pH on coral reefs. However, little is known about how these two stressors interact and influence coral reef ecosystem functioning. Using a six-week nutrient addition experiment, we ...
Research articles

Environmental factors drive language density more in food-producing than in hunter–gatherer populations
- Curdin Derungs
- Martina Köhl
- Robert Weibel
- Balthasar Bickel
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Volume 285, Issue 1885

Published:22 August 2018 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2851
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Linguistic diversity is a key aspect of human population diversity and shapes much of our social and cognitive lives. To a considerable extent, the distribution of this diversity is driven by environmental factors such as climate or coast access. An ...
Research articles

The strength of the biodiversity–ecosystem function relationship depends on spatial scale
- Patrick L. Thompson
- Forest Isbell
- Michel Loreau
- Mary I. O'Connor
- Andrew Gonzalez
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Volume 285, Issue 1880

Published:06 June 2018 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0038
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Our understanding of the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) applies mainly to fine spatial scales. New research is required if we are to extend this knowledge to broader spatial scales that are relevant for conservation ...
Research articles

The onset of ecological diversification 50 years after colonization of a crater lake by haplochromine cichlid fishes
- Florian N. Moser
- Jacco C. van Rijssel
- Salome Mwaiko
- Joana I. Meier
- Benjamin Ngatunga
- Ole Seehausen
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Volume 285, Issue 1884

Published:15 August 2018 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0171
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Adaptive radiation research typically relies on the study of evolution in retrospective, leaving the predictive value of the concept hard to evaluate. Several radiations, including the cichlid fishes in the East African Great Lakes, have been studied ...
The evolution of city life

Urban rat races: spatial population genomics of brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) compared across multiple cities
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Volume 285, Issue 1880

Published:06 June 2018 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0245
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Urbanization often substantially influences animal movement and gene flow. However, few studies to date have examined gene flow of the same species across multiple cities. In this study, we examine brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) to test hypotheses about ...
Research articles

Individual-specific mortality is associated with how individuals evaluate future discounting decisions
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Volume 285, Issue 1880

Published:13 June 2018 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0304
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How organisms discount the value of future rewards is associated with many important outcomes, and may be a central component of theories of life-history. According to life-history theories, prioritizing immediacy is indicative of an accelerated strategy (...
Research articles

Increased fluctuation in a butterfly metapopulation leads to diploid males and decline of a hyperparasitoid
- Abhilash Nair
- Etsuko Nonaka
- Saskya van Nouhuys
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Volume 285, Issue 1885

Published:22 August 2018 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0372
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Climate change can increase spatial synchrony of population dynamics, leading to large-scale fluctuation that destabilizes communities. High trophic level species such as parasitoids are disproportionally affected because they depend on unstable ...
Research articles

‘Green incubation': avian offspring benefit from aromatic nest herbs through improved parental incubation behaviour
- Helga Gwinner
- Pablo Capilla-Lasheras
- Caren Cooper
- Barbara Helm
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Volume 285, Issue 1880

Published:06 June 2018 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0376
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Development of avian embryos requires thermal energy, usually from parents. Parents may, however, trade off catering for embryonic requirements against their own need to forage through intermittent incubation. This dynamically adjusted behaviour can be ...
Research articles

Exaggerated male legs increase mating success by reducing disturbance to females in the cave wētā Pachyrhamma waitomoensis
- Murray Fea
- Gregory I. Holwell
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Volume 285, Issue 1880

Published:06 June 2018 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0401
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Mate guarding is a widespread behaviour resulting from sperm competition and conflict over optimal remating rates. It is a key way in which males exhibit differential mating investment, and represents a complex interplay between mating effort, intrasexual ...
Research articles

Toxicity and taste: unequal chemical defences in a mimicry ring
- Anne E. Winters
- Nerida G. Wilson
- Cedric P. van den Berg
- Martin J. How
- John A. Endler
- N. Justin Marshall
- Andrew M. White
- Mary J. Garson
- Karen L. Cheney
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Volume 285, Issue 1880

Published:06 June 2018 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0457
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Mimicry of warning signals is common, and can be mutualistic when mimetic species harbour equal levels of defence (Müllerian), or parasitic when mimics are undefended but still gain protection from their resemblance to the model (Batesian). However, ...
Research articles

Ecological conditions alter cooperative behaviour and its costs in a chemically defended sawfly
- Carita Lindstedt
- Antti Miettinen
- Dalial Freitak
- Tarmo Ketola
- Andres López-Sepulcre
- Elina Mäntylä
- Hannu Pakkanen
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Volume 285, Issue 1884

Published:01 August 2018 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0466
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The evolution of cooperation and social behaviour is often studied in isolation from the ecology of organisms. Yet, the selective environment under which individuals evolve is much more complex in nature, consisting of ecological and abiotic interactions ...
Research articles

On dangerous ground: the evolution of body armour in cordyline lizards
- Chris Broeckhoven
- Yousri El Adak
- Cang Hui
- Raoul Van Damme
- Theodore Stankowich
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Volume 285, Issue 1880

Published:13 June 2018 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0513
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Animal body armour is often considered an adaptation that protects prey against predatory attacks, yet comparative studies that link the diversification of these allegedly protective coverings to differential predation risk or pressure are scarce. Here, ...
Research articles

Whisker touch sensing guides locomotion in small, quadrupedal mammals
- Robyn A. Grant
- Vicki Breakell
- Tony J. Prescott
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Volume 285, Issue 1880

Published:13 June 2018 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0592
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All small mammals have prominent facial whiskers that they employ as tactile sensors to guide navigation and foraging in complex habitats. Nocturnal, arboreal mammals tend to have the longest and most densely packed whiskers, and semi-aquatic mammals have ...
Research articles

Linking pollinator efficiency to patterns of pollen limitation: small bees exploit the plant–pollinator mutualism
- Matthew H. Koski
- Jennifer L. Ison
- Ashley Padilla
- Angela Q. Pham
- Laura F. Galloway
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Volume 285, Issue 1880

Published:06 June 2018 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0635
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Seemingly mutualistic relationships can be exploited, in some cases reducing fitness of the exploited species. In plants, the insufficient receipt of pollen limits reproduction. While infrequent pollination commonly underlies pollen limitation (PL), ...
Research articles

Foraging bumblebees acquire a preference for neonicotinoid-treated food with prolonged exposure
- Andres N. Arce
- Ana Ramos Rodrigues
- Jiajun Yu
- Thomas J. Colgan
- Yannick Wurm
- Richard J. Gill
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Volume 285, Issue 1885

Published:29 August 2018 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0655
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Social bees represent an important group of pollinating insects that can be exposed to potentially harmful pesticides when foraging on treated or contaminated flowering plants. To investigate if such exposure is detrimental to bees, many studies have ...
Research articles

Bumblebees distinguish floral scent patterns, and can transfer these to corresponding visual patterns
- David A. Lawson
- Lars Chittka
- Heather M. Whitney
- Sean A. Rands
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Volume 285, Issue 1880

Published:13 June 2018 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0661
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Flowers act as multisensory billboards to pollinators by using a range of sensory modalities such as visual patterns and scents. Different floral organs release differing compositions and quantities of the volatiles contributing to floral scent, ...
Research articles

Interference competition pressure predicts the number of avian predators that shifted their timing of activity
- Yifan Pei
- Mihai Valcu
- Bart Kempenaers
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Volume 285, Issue 1880

Published:06 June 2018 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0744
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Being active at different times facilitates the coexistence of functionally similar species. Hence, time partitioning might be induced by competition. However, the relative importance of direct interference and indirect exploitation competition on time ...
Research articles

Disruption of skin microbiota contributes to salamander disease
- Molly C. Bletz
- Moira Kelly
- Joana Sabino-Pinto
- Emma Bales
- Sarah Van Praet
- Wim Bert
- Filip Boyen
- Miguel Vences
- Sebastian Steinfartz
- Frank Pasmans
- An Martel
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Volume 285, Issue 1885

Published:22 August 2018 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0758
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Escalating occurrences of emerging infectious diseases underscore the importance of understanding microbiome–pathogen interactions. The amphibian cutaneous microbiome is widely studied for its potential to mitigate disease-mediated amphibian declines. ...
Research articles

Structural stability as a consistent predictor of phenological events
- Chuliang Song
- Serguei Saavedra
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Volume 285, Issue 1880

Published:13 June 2018 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0767
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The timing of the first and last seasonal appearance of a species in a community typically follows a pattern that is governed by temporal factors. While it has been shown that changes in the environment are linked to phenological changes, the direction of ...
Research articles

Mosquito-borne transmission in urban landscapes: the missing link between vector abundance and human density
- Victoria Romeo-Aznar
- Richard Paul
- Olivier Telle
- Mercedes Pascual
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Volume 285, Issue 1884

Published:15 August 2018 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0826
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With escalating urbanization, the environmental, demographic, and socio-economic heterogeneity of urban landscapes poses a challenge to mathematical models for the transmission of vector-borne infections. Classical coupled vector–human models typically ...

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